Meditations on Torat Emet: A Symposium
Finding Our Portion of True Torah

Rabbi Prof. Rachel Adler

There are many kinds of truth. A good way to get in trouble is to mis-assess the kind you are looking at. I don’t claim that Aesop’s Fables are untrue because hares and tortoises speaking ancient Greek and running races are biological impossibilities. That’s not the kind of truth Aesop teaches. Similarly, when I read the beginning of Genesis, I don’t protest a snake speaking Hebrew, a world created in six days, or two archetypal humans in a garden. The Torah is not a science book.

The Process of Unfolding the Torah’s Truth
through Torah She-Be’al Peh

Even for moral truths, I am able to call Torah Torat emet only because I, as a modern Jew, am also a rabbinic Jew. I believe in Torah She’Ba’al Peh, the Oral Torah, by which I mean that Torah She’Bikhtav, the written Torah is augmented by an inexhaustible fountain of interpretive possibilities flowing out of tradition. That doesn’t mean the Torah can mean anything you want. Interpretations must be defensible readings of the text.

As Ramban points out in his commentary on Kedoshim Tihyu (Lev. 19:2), Torah also gives us meta-principles like “Be holy” or “Justice, justice shall you pursue” (Det 16:20).  Meta-principles are definable in general terms but applicable only situationally and contextually. Because readers bring differing selves and contexts to the interpretative process, the meaning component of both law and story are constantly being destabilized and reconstituted. When we pray every Shabbat, teyn chelkenu b’toratekha, “may we partake in your Torah,” we are praying that we will discover the particular illumination of text or law that we alone can contribute: our chelek, our portion.

I learn a legal process from Torah and from the rabbis, but not a final, immutable word on law. So I believed even when I was Orthodox. God gives human beings halakha as a fitting tool for justice because humans and their worlds grow and change, and law too requires constant reinterpretation to address new phenomena, new circumstances, and new societal concerns. I believe that conversation and critique are appropriate even about meta-principles and process rules.

A Crude Jargon as the Vessel for Holiness and Truth

The rabbis say, “The Torah speaks in human language (דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם).” I’ve described this language as a “crude jargon studded with constraints and distortions, silences and brutalities, that is our only vessel for holiness and truth and peace.”[1] Our Torah and our tradition are multi-vocal, many-voiced. All our truths are both partial and precious. Learning this clamorous tradition and situating our own precious and partial revelations within it constitute the process that makes Torah true as an ever-flowing fountain of living waters and a tree of life to all who cling to her.

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Rabbi Prof. Rachel Adler is the David Ellenson Professor of Modern Jewish Thought at Hebrew Union College-Los Angeles. She was one of the first theologians to integrate feminist perspectives into the interpretation of Jewish texts and Jewish law and ethics. Her essay “The Jew Who Wasn’t There,” (1971) is generally considered the first piece of Jewish feminist theology. She is the author of Engendering Judaism (JPS 1998), which won the National Jewish Book Award for Jewish Thought, and classic articles such as “Innovation and Authority: the ‘Women’s Minyan’ Responsum” (Gender and Jewish Law 2001) and “In Your Blood, Live” (Tikkun 1993). Recent articles include: (with Robin Podolsky), “Sexuality, Autonomy, and Community in the Writings of Eugene Borowitz” JJE 1 (Winter 2015), “For These I Weep: A Theology of Lament” CCAR Journal (Fall 2014), (with Ayesha Chaudhry), “Approaching Jewish and Islamic Marriage Law From Feminist Perspectives,”  (Islamic and Jewish Legal Reasoning: Encountering our Legal Other, 2016), and “Queer Jews Talking Their Way In” European Judaism (Fall 2016).

[1] Rachel Adler, “In Your Blood Live: Re-Visions of a Theology of Purity” in Tikkun Reader: Twentieth Anniversary (ed. Michael Lerner; Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), 157-164 [163].

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