Five Alternatives to the Etrog
The etrog has been identified as the Torah’s פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר, “fruit of trees of beauty” (Leviticus 23:40), since the Second Temple period. Here are five other interpretations of this verse.
David Z. Moster
Jewish Theological Seminary
Dr. Rabbi David Moster is the Director of the Biblical Hebrew Certificate Program at Jewish the Theological Seminary and the Director of the Institute of Biblical Culture. His Tanakh YouTube channel is @BiblicalCulture. He is the author of the Biblical Hebrew Grammar Card, the Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary Card, and Etrog: How a Chinese Fruit Became a Jewish Symbol.
Last Updated: October 28, 2026
Books by the Author
Etrog: How A Chinese Fruit Became a Jewish Symbol
Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary Card
Biblical Hebrew Grammar Card
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